商务部副部长钟山美媒撰文:中美贸易是双赢博弈

3月26日，中国商务部副部长钟山访美期间，美国《华尔街日报》评论版刊登了钟山的署名文章《U.S.-China Trade Is Win-Win Game》，全文如下：

U.S.-China Trade Is Win-Win Game

By Zhong Shan

A sound and stable China-U.S. economic and trade relationship is more important than ever.

China-U.S. trade and economic cooperation has generated huge and real benefits for the United States， while China has been gaining a lot from it as well. In 2009 China jumped to become the third biggest market for U.S. exports. American companies have cumulatively invested over $62.2 billion in 58，000 projects in China and reaped bumper harvests. Their profits in China amounted to nearly $8 billion in 2008 alone.

Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis， China has been supporting the efforts of the American people to tackle the crisis. On the one hand， China has increased imports from the U.S. While overall U.S. exports dropped 17.9% in 2009， exports to China hardly decreased. Many U.S. manufacturing firms have found comfort in the Chinese market as a shelter against the global financial storm.

On the other hand， good value-for-money， labor-intensive goods imported from China have helped keep the cost of living down for Americans even when they become increasingly cash-strapped. Without consumer goods from China， the U.S. price index would go up an extra two percentage points every year.

How should we approach the trade deficit， a heated topic in the China-U.S. trade and economic relationship and an issue closely tied to many others?

To start with， Chinese and U.S. interests in bilateral trade are roughly balanced. China-U.S. trade and economic relations include services and investment as well as goods. From 2004 to 2008， the U.S. surplus in services with China grew by a phenomenal 35.4% annually， dwarfing the growth in China's surplus in goods with the U.S.

In 2008， the total sales of American goods in the Chinese market， including goods exported from the U.S. to China， amounted to $224.7 billion， close to the value of goods China exported to the U.S. in 2008， which stood at $252.3. The two countries were almost balanced in terms of sales after adjustment for value-adding freight and insurance fees.

Next， the renminbi exchange rate is not the key to addressing China-U.S. trade imbalance. From 2005 to 2008， the renminbi appreciated by 21% against the dollar but China's trade surplus with the U.S. increased by 20.8% annually. Since 2009 the renminbi exchange rate has remained basically stable， but China's surplus with the U.S. has fallen by 16.1%.

Globally speaking， this is not an exceptional case. In 2009 the dollar depreciated against the euro， the Japanese yen and the South Korea won， which did not bring about fundamental changes in the trade between the U.S. and these countries. As a matter of fact， only a basically stable renminbi and dollar are conducive to the overall interest of the international community.

Finally， China always upholds and seeks balanced trade. The U.S. should vigorously expand exports to China. Only balanced China-U.S. trade could bring about sustained development， mutual benefits， and a win-win relationship. The achievement of this goal rests not with restricting China's exports to the U.S. but with increasing U.S. exports to China. We hope that the U.S.， while implementing its strategy to boost exports， can scrap the Cold War mentality， relax its export control against China， and expand the export of competitive products to China.

Where should China-U.S. trade and economic relations go from here?

First， we should refrain from politicizing economic and trade issues. We should vigorously oppose trade protectioni**， and give full play to the platforms of the China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue and the Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade. We hope that the U.S. can recognize China's market-economy status as soon as possible and include export-controls revision in the priority action plan of the U.S. National Export Initiative.

Second， we should expand the convergence of our interests in economic and trade cooperation. The two economies are highly complementary with huge potentials. At present， both are restructuring their industries and therefore their growth potential. We should give full play to our respective advantages in capital， technology and markets， and actively explore cooperation in trade in services， low-carbon economy and high-tech products.

Third， we should enhance trade and investment facilitation. The Chinese government will adhere to the opening-up policy as one of its basic state policies， and continuously improve policy transparency and trade and investment facilitation.

The government protects the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors in accordance with laws. We hope that the U.S. will ease irrational restrictions on Chinese companies' investment in the U.S.， and facilitate the movement of businesspeople between the two countries.

Fourth， we should promote the multilateral trading system. China and the U.S. should jointly push for a substantive progress in the Doha Round talks， and lock in the agreed outcomes from previous negotiations.

As Wen Jiabao， the Chinese premier， recently reiterated， it is always better to have a dialogue than a confrontation， cooperation than containment， and a partnership than a rivalry. As long as we approach the China-U.S. commercial relationship in a responsible manner we will definitely be able to make it more stable and sound.

Mr. Zhong is vice minister of commerce of the People's Republic of China.

译文如下：

中美贸易是双赢博弈

中国商务部副部长 钟山

健康稳定的中美经贸关系符合两国根本利益。中国受益于中美经贸合作，而中美经贸合作给美国带来的利益也是*大而实在的。2009年，中国已成为美国第3大出口市场，美国对华投资项目累计5.8万个，实际投入金额622亿美元。在华美资收益颇丰，2008年实现利润总额近80亿美元。

金融危机**以来，中国用实际行动支持了美国抗击金融危机。一方面，中国努力扩大自美进口。2009年美国出口下降17.9%，但对中国出口几乎没有下降。中国市场成为许多美国制造业企业在金融危机中的避风港。

另一方面，自中国进口价廉物美的产品，使美国民众依然保持较低的生活成本。如果没有中国消费品，美国物价指数每年会上涨2个百分点。

贸易不平衡是中美经贸关系中的一大热点，也与其他许多问题密切相关，应该如何看待这个问题？

*先，中美贸易的总体利益是基本平衡的。中美经贸关系不仅限于货物贸易，还包括服务贸易与投资。2004-2008年美对华服务贸易顺差年均增长35.4%，远高于同期中国对美货物贸易顺差增幅。2008年，美资企业在华销售额与美对华出口额相加，达到2247亿美元，当年中国对美出口额2523亿美元，扣除运费、保险等增值因素，两国在对方市场的销售额接近平衡。

第二，人民币汇率不是解决中美货物贸易不平衡的关键。2005-2008年人民币兑美元升值21%，中国对美贸易顺差年均增长20.8%；2009年以来人民币汇率基本稳定，中国对美贸易顺差下降16.1%。

世界范围看也是如此，2009年美元对欧元、日元、韩元等都有贬值，但美国对这些国家的贸易状况并没有发生逆转。事实上，人民币与美元都保持基本稳定才能符合包括中美在内的世界各国的利益。

第三，中国始终主张并力求平衡的贸易，希望美国积极扩大对中国的出口。惟有平衡的中美贸易，才有持续的发展，才能实现互利共赢。实现这一目标，不能靠限制中国对美出口，而要靠扩大美国对华出口。希望美国在实施扩大出口战略的过程中，摒弃冷战思维，放宽对华出口管制，扩大优势产品对华出口。

中美经贸关系该向何处去？

一是避免经贸问题**化。积极落实双方元*在经贸领域达成的重要共识。共同反对贸易保护主义。充分发挥中美战略与经济对话、中美商贸联委会的平台作用。希望美方尽快承认中国市场经济地位，将放松对华出口限制纳入美国国家出口倡议的优先行动方案中。

二是扩大经贸合作契合点。中美两国经济互补性强、潜力*大。当前，两国都在调整产业结构，应充分发挥各自在资金、技术、市场等方面的优势，积极拓展在服务贸易、低碳经济、高***产品等领域的合作。

三是推进贸易投资便利化。中国政府坚持对外开放的基本国策，不断提高政策透明度和贸易投资便利化水平。

中国政府依法保护外国投资者在华的合法权益。希望美国放宽对中国企业在美投资的不合理限制，并为商务人员往来提供更多便利。

四是应推动多边贸易体制的发展。中美应共同推动WTO多哈回合谈判迈出实质性步伐，锁定已有成果。

中国总理温家宝最近再次强调，中美之间对话比对抗好，合作比遏制好，伙伴比对手好。我相信，只要我们抱着 负责任的态度就一定能够推动中美经贸关系稳定健康的发展。